Relation de ce qui s’est passé en La Nouuelle France, es années 1640. et 1641

A section from the seventeenth-century “Jesuit Relations,” which presents the dying words of Chiwatenhwa, a legendary “first convert” among the Wendats.

Creators: Joseph Chiwatenhwa [Wendat]; Barthélemy Vimont; Paul Le Jeune; Jérôme Lalemant

Date of Creation: Printed 1642

Place of origin: Paris

Materials: Paper

Process by which it was made: Letter-press printing

Current location: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania; Bibliothèque Nationale de France



Information contributed by John Pollack.

An Hy[s]torical [acco]unt of the Doing[s] & Sufferings of [the] Christian Indians in New England

Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago.

An unpublished book that complicates the politics of Native-colonist relationships that became inflamed in the mid-1670s.

Creator: Daniel Gookin

Date of Creation: 1677

Place of origin: Massachusetts Bay Colony

Physical measurements: 300 [4], 99, [3] p. ; 21cm high and 17 cm wide

Materials: Paper and ink

Process by which it was made: Handwriting

Current location: The Newberry Library, Chicago.


Further Reading

Richard W. Cogley, John Eliot’s Mission to the Indians before King Philip’s War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).

Kristina Bross, Dry Bones and Indian Sermons: Praying Indians in Colonial America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004). 

David D. Hall, Ways of Writing: The Practice and Politics of Text-making in Seventeenth-century New England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012).

J. Patrick Cesarini, “What Has Become of Your Praying to God?” Daniel Gookin’s Troubled History of King Philip’s War,” Early American Literature, Vol. 44, No. 3 (2009): 489-515.

Jenny Hale Pulsipher, “Massacre at Hurtleberry Hill: Christian Indians and English Authority in Metacom’s War,” William and Mary Quarterly Vol. 53, No. 3 (Jul., 1996): 459-486.


Information contributed by David D. Hall and Adrian Chastain Weimer.

Okodakiciye Wakan Tadowan Kin

A Dakota-language hymnal covered in animal hide and embroidered with porcupine quills.

Creator: Unknown Dakota Artist

Date of Creation: Published in 1885, decorated by an unknown Dakota artist before 1898.

Place of origin: Published in New York; embellished in South Dakota, probably the present-day Yankton Indian Reservation

Physical measurements: 172 pages; 14 cm.

Materials: Animal hide, porcupine quill, fabric and thread

Process by which it was made: Embroidery

Current location: Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University



Further Reading

Bebbington, Julia M. Quillwork of the Plains. Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute, 1982.

Deloria, Philip J. Becoming Mary Sully: Toward an American Indian Abstract. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019.

Hail, Barbara A. “Beaded Bibles and Victory Pouches: Twentieth Century Lakota Honoring Gifts.” American Indian Art Magazine 13, no. 3 (1988): 40–47. 

Hyman, Colette A. Dakota Women’s Work: Creativity, Culture, and Exile. Minneapolis: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2012.

Lyford, Carrie A. Quill and Beadwork of the Western Sioux. Lawrence, KS: Haskell Institute, 1940.


Information contributed by Daniel Radus.